Family violence (FV) has profound and far-reaching effects on children, beginning even before birth. The developing baby in the womb is sensitive to the surrounding environment, absorbing various stimuli, including negative energies like yelling, violence, and neglect. According to the 11th Judicial Circuit Court’s community presentation on the effects of domestic violence, a baby’s memory can be remarkably powerful, surpassing even the vivid recollections of intense experiences, such as riding a roller coaster (CITeS, 2021).
According to Dr. John Crimmins, children who witness or experience family violence are at a heightened risk of developing neurobiological issues, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. Furthermore, these children may adopt unhealthy coping mechanisms and struggle with emotional regulation. The trauma of witnessing violence can increase the likelihood of these children becoming either victims or perpetrators in adulthood. However, with the right support network, children can develop resilience and heal from these experiences (Crimmins, 2023).
Research indicates that children who witness FV in their homes—whether emotional, physical, sexual abuse, or neglect—face a higher risk of chronic health problems in adulthood, including diabetes, heart disease, low self-esteem, and obesity (Office of Women’s Health, 2021).
Dr. Bruce Perry emphasizes the importance of a supportive and healthy environment for childhood development. Such environments foster resilience and help children learn to emotionally regulate themselves, steering them away from unhealthy coping strategies like overeating or substance use. Understanding the interplay between neurobiology, stressors, and rewards is crucial, as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as family violence can significantly affect stress responses and overall health outcomes later in life. There is a vital intersection between stress responses and reward systems that shapes children’s behavior and future health (Optimum Psychology, 2022).
In California, the Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Law (CANRA) outlines the responsibilities of mandated reporters when dealing with child victims of IPV/FV. This includes reporting instances of physical abuse, child sexual abuse, willful cruelty, and neglect. Mandated reporters, such as social workers, are legally required to report any reasonable suspicion of child abuse or neglect, ensuring the safety and well-being of vulnerable children (Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, 2012).
According to the National Association of Social Workers (NASW), social workers have an ethical obligation to promote the well-being of their clients. However, this commitment can be superseded by legal obligations to report child abuse. The NASW Code of Ethics acknowledges that social workers may need to disclose confidential information to comply with mandated reporting laws (NASW, 2021).
Ethical Responsibilities of Social Workers